He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. An easy read? Claiming the throne by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, he was crowned on October 30 and secured parliamentary recognition of his title early in November. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. Watch Henry VII: The Winter King | Prime Video - amazon.com Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Detailed Information. The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Henry the eighth was a renaissance King. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. Wales was historically a Lancastrian stronghold, and Henry owed the support he gathered to his Welsh birth and ancestry, being agnatically descended from Rhys ap Gruffydd. But, his enemies didnt agree. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. Doubtless the plotters were encouraged by the deaths of Henrys sons in 1500 and 1502 and of his wife in 1503. [42], The capriciousness and lack of due process that indebted many would tarnish his legacy and were soon ended upon Henry VII's death, after a commission revealed widespread abuses. [81], Henry VII and Elizabeth had seven children:[b]. The purpose of the agreement was to prevent France from annexing Brittany. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. Castles of . The Lancastrian Henry and his Yorkist wife Elizabeth strove to reconcile the factions, but unreconciled Yorkists, to whom he was no more than a usurper, harassed his reign. When Henry VII became king, the royal exchequer was effectively bankrupt. It took Henry, who in any case needed to marry her if the expected issue was to solve the succession problem, some six years to achieve their joint purpose. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. Penn is not one to understate a case. His legacy was his son, Henry VIII, lucky old England Penn commented. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Henry VII is also known as Henry Tudor. Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard . There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. It was no easy feat. Before Henry VIII, English kings were addressed as "Your Grace" or "Your Highness.". Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. Coinage of Henry VII of England | Mintage World England had been ravaged for decades by conspiracy, violence, murders, coups and countercoups. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. [24][17][25] He was 29 years old, she was 20. [17] Now supported by Francis II's prime minister, Pierre Landais, Richard III attempted to extradite Henry from Brittany, but Henry escaped to France. Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. Henry VII - History Learning Site He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. However, this treaty came at a price, as Henry mounted a minor invasion of Brittany in November 1492. You can find out more on the conflicts between England and France, the Wars of the Roses and also the Tudors in our history courses. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. Thus, Henry Tudor had no choice but to gather together an army including mercenary soldiers as well as his own supporters, and he landed in Wales in August, 1485. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. ), Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_VII_of_England&oldid=1141813382, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2021, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from August 2021, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2020, Articles needing additional references from October 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Katherine (2 February 1503 10 February 1503), This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 23:16. This definitely was not that. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". [53] Later on, Henry had exchanged letters with Pope Julius II in 1507, in which he encouraged him to establish peace among Christian realms, and to organise an expedition against the Turks of the Ottoman Empire. [36] However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII. And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Two themes of his book preside: the permanent vulnerability of Henry's regime, and his ruthless methods of rule. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. 'Winter King,' a Portrait of Henry VII - The New York Times After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor.[a]. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. Pembroke Castle, and later the Earldom of Pembroke, were granted to the Yorkist William Herbert, who also assumed the guardianship of Margaret Beaufort and the young Henry. Henry VII: Winter King, BBC Two, review - The Telegraph For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. 1509. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. Henry VIII Books livestream YouTube 18 February 2023, February 13 A queen and her lady-in-waiting are beheaded. Henry VII declared himself king by just title of inheritance and by the judgment of God in battle, after slaying Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). He had unified the kingdom, accrued immense wealth and created the most notorious dynasty in English history: the Tudors. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History
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