Because its members serve short, two-year terms, they must regularly answer to the demands of their constituency when they run for election or reelection. \text{Salaries and Wages Expense}&\text{\hspace{11pt}53,000}&\text{}\\ \textbf{Trial Balance}\\ c. to preside over the Electoral College c. Select In 2012, the Buffett Rule would have implemented a minimum tax rate of 30 percent on wealthy Americans. d. chief of staff d. the informal organization of Congress, Because Congress is __________, it is fairly open to interest group influence. The House of Representatives has developed a stronger and more structured leadership than the Senate. introduction, committee referral, subcommittee, full committee report, rules committee, full House vote, conference committee, send to president. a. He feels that if the market is good he can sell 500 copies of the deluxe version at $100\$ 100$100 each. Which of the following can happen while the bill is in committee? How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? e. precedents, in a process known as __________, presidents generally allow senators from the state in which a judicial vacancy occurs to block the nomination. | Price | $\$0.25$ per square foot Impeach and try federal officers. Which of the following is true of majority-minority districts? c. oversight a. c. joint decision of the majority and minority leaders b. whites Its trial balance before adjustment on August 31 is presented here. d. The conflict is a by-product solely of divided government. If members of Congress are motivated by gaining reelection (the electoral connection), which of the following behaviors help them connect with voters? d. opinions a. trial Individual members of Congress rate slightly higher than Congress as a whole, but approval ratings are at an all-time low. hfss ironpython; sonic battle rematch play; Related articles citation tool such as, Authors: Glen Krutz, Sylvie Waskiewicz, PhD. Imagine a bill is referred to the House Committee on Agriculture, the standing committee for agricultural issues. Unlimited debate in the Senate to prevent a vote is known as _____. FAX: (202) 344-2152. b. president pro tempore Election history has demonstrated that this form of publicity is very effective in garnering the support of voters. Use left-to-right elimination to solve the system of equations. Which example best demonstrates a legislator acting as a trustee of his or her constituency? Congress exercises this power largely through its congressional committee system. What is meant by advice and consent in relation to the role of Congress? Which statement accurately describes the relationship between hyperpartisanship and polarization? Why? The president must have at least one Cabinet member of the opposing party. In 1974, who staged a revolt against the congressional committee system? Congressional elections may be increasingly driven by national issues. b. d. president pro tempore We also look at campaign finance to better understand how legislators get elected and stay elected. e. Incumbents only leave office when they choose. \text{Common Stock}&\text{}&\text{\hspace{7pt}100,000}\\ An institution unique to the House of Representatives that review all bills (except revenue, budget, and appropriations bills) coming from a House committee before they go to the full house. What form of legislature resulted from the compromises that occurred during the 1787 constitutional convention? He thinks that if the market is good he can sell 400 copies of the elegant version at $125\$ 125$125 each. Common congressional casework requests include tracking a misdirected benefits payment; helping to fill out a government form; applying for Social Security, veterans', education, and other federal benefits; explaining government activities or decisions; applying to a military service academy;4 seeking Modern presidents are considerably less democratic than the Framers originally intended. The leader of the Senate responsible for the brunt of the work of the a. He became seen as too much of a Washington insider. Or case-worker, case worker [ keys-wur-ker ] high school level noun a person who does casework. d. Each congressional party has become more homogeneous, and the distance between parties has increased. a. appointment through Congress How are committee chairs selected in the House? Party leaders who work with the majority leader or minority leader to count votes beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to a bill favored by the party. The issues include the very meaning of intelligence, its measurement, individual extremes of intelligence, and finally, the heredity/environment question. d. Race is a significant factor in drawing the lines of majority-minority districts. \text{Equipment}&\text{\hspace{11pt}36,000}&\text{}\\ The parties have become less polarized because more and more voters are opting to become independents. A legislator does whatever is best for his or her reelection. Label the following behaviors by members of Congress as either an example of a distributive or informational theory of committees. originally intended. Congressional Budget Office c. oversight Finally, we considered intelligence. by increasing jobs and revenue with federally funded projects. Senators can debate for unlimited amounts of time; House members cannot. What are some factors that account for the incumbency advantage? d. original d. before it is amended or rewritten in its full committee, b. after it is approved by its full committee, One thing that helps incumbents win reelection is __________, which might include federal spending projects benefitting state and local governments, businesses, colleges, and other institutions in a congressional district. c. is trusted because he or she is a native of his or her home district c. The conflict is a by-product of the recent polarization of the American party system. Which of the following statements regarding the legislative process is true? requires approval by both houses of Congress In order to better serve you, this form will generate a printable pdf document that you should sign and mail, fax, or deliver in person to our office. True or False: If AW>0A W>0AW>0, then PW>0P W>0PW>0, and FW>0F W>0FW>0. Which statement accurately describes the relationship between Congress and the Courts? To insulate one house of Congress from popular pressures and make it a seat of deliberation and reflection, the framers of the Constitution set the terms of the members of the Senate at __________. According to this chart on party votes and party unity scores in Congress, which of the following statements are correct? | | **Current Month: Budgeted Amounts** | Which of the following statements about congressional oversight are accurate? Unlike previous wars in Europe and Vietnam, the war in Iraq was fought by a very small percentage of the population.24 The vast majority of citizens were not soldiers, few had relatives fighting in the war, and most did not know anyone who directly suffered from the prolonged conflict. c. $200 million If so, how might that strategy be less effective than the strategies employed by AlphaZero? d. The more contemporary presidents exercise their powers less as a legislator than earlier At the same time, several limits on campaign contributions have been upheld by the courts and remain in place. The following is a set of data from a sample of n=5: 7-5-879 Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. If you are temporarily bearish on the stock market, how many contracts should you sell to fully eliminate your exposure over the next six months? In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. Which of the following can be said about challengers to seats in Congress? a. majority leader Packing and cracking reflect what partisan aspect of redistricting? They are used to gain approval for pet projects that would fail on their own. c. stare decisis In which way do modern presidents differ from the original intentions of the Framers of the Constitution? Using the budget for the current month and the variance report, construct the items below. A legislator considers public opinion, refining it with information and careful thought. e. Woodrow Wilson, Congress can remove a president through __________. d. Chief of Staff |Budgeted production: 200 magazine stands | | b. $71.8312.44. e. trustee model of representation, Which one of the powers listed below is a constitutional power that the president shares with the Senate? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. c. judiciary Casework is the most personal of the three, beneting individual voters and making the lawmaker known at the local level. c. secretary of state c. twelve The rules of the House and laws and regulations governing federal executive agency activities, however, closely limit interventions made on the behalf of constituents. e. chief prosecutor, A grand __________ brings indictments in federal trial courts. d. a formal directive to executive branch departments and agencies that have the force of law $$ Anton Company manufactures wooden magazine stands. The Cabinet has more access to the president than the White House staff. The account pays 1.12% annual interest, compounded daily. Voters in large numbers were motivated by the political and economic disaster of the war to vote for politicians they believed would end it (Figure 11.10). What will occur there? e. Creation of majority-minority districts has been beneficial only to Republican. Congress' monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy, performed mainly though hearings. d. position taking, The __________ makes economic projections about the [6] helping a constituent qualify for federal benefits a. aggressively and unyieldingly House Judiciary Committee OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. c. franking privileges The story of Eric Cantor may very well be the classic case of an exception proving the rule. e. Speaker, In the House, before major bills are scheduled for floor debate, they must first go to the __________, which decides where bills will appear on the legislative calendar and the terms under which bills will be debated by the House. A group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic. Even House members of the same party in the same state will occasionally disagree on issues because of the different interests of their specific districts. c. population; two The principle partisan ally of the Speaker of the House or the party's wheel horse in the Senate. a. five Indicate whether each variance is favorable or unfavorable. to collect information and send messages to the bureaucracy. The whip system in the Senate is smaller and less comprehensive than that in the House. Representatives serve two-year terms, whereas senators serve six-year terms. Article I of the Constitution The Speaker is chosen in practice by the majority party, has both formal and informal powers, and is second in line to succeed to the presidency should that office become vacant. helping individual members of their constituency What is hyperpartisanship? \end{array} contributions from interest group members. Why might a special-interest group work hard to get a rider attached to a bill? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. They are highly regulated in regard to the amount of money they can take in and spend, but super PACs arent bound by these regulations. a. committee chairperson b. Organization of Congress A. Senate, House of Representatives B. two, two II. d. Members of Congress forgot to pass the budget. Common congressional casework requests include tracking a misdirected benefits payment; helping to fill out a government form; applying for Social Security, veterans', education, and other federal benefits; explaining government activities or decisions; applying to a . The president must give Congress an occasional update on the state of the union. Where do I send my inquiry? d. as a fund-raiser for the president during reelection b. when lobbying for an environmental group What can be inferred from the current demographic composition of the Senate? A traditional PAC is an organization designed to raise hard money to elect or defeat candidates. Death Valley Resort opened for business on June 1 with eight air-conditioned units. b. Abraham Lincoln He was handsome, popular with talk show hosts and powerful insiders, an impressive campaign fundraiser and speaker, and apparently destined to become Speaker of the House when the current speaker stepped down. - reacting to a problem after it appears How have Americans rated members of Congress in recent years? e. chief executive. In general, this is true. Consider, for example, the role of the Iraq War in bringing about a Democratic rout of the Republicans in the House in 2006 and in the Senate in 2008. Nevertheless, the pattern of midterm elections benefiting the presidents opposition has persisted.23 Only in exceptional years has this pattern been broken: first in 1998 during President Bill Clintons second term and the Monica Lewinsky scandal, when exit polls indicated most voters opposed the idea of impeaching the president, and then again in 2002, following the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the ensuing declaration of a war on terror.. This suggests a failure of __________. c. The president can fire the White House staff but only Congress can dismiss a member of the Constituents routinely reach out to their congressperson for powerful support to solve complex problems, such as applying for and tracking federal benefits or resolving immigration and citizenship challenges.21 Incumbent members of Congress have paid staff, influence, and access to specialized information that can help their constituents in ways other persons cannot. b. Senate Nominations Committee If the market is not good, he will sell only 400 copies at $70\$ 70$70 each. Each state has __________ senators, each of whom serves a ________-year term. The public generally tends to distrust Congress. What is one of the reasons that power and responsibility of the presidency has grown since the early presidency? | Direct materials quantity variance | 0 | Unlike hard money contributed directly to a candidate, which is heavily regulated and limited, soft money had almost no regulations or limits. "Pork" legislation may aid the district of a member of Congress by __________. How might a member of the U.S. Senate signal to leadership that he or she may have objections to a bill? And donors are more likely to want to give to a proven winner. b. majority whip 1999-2023, Rice University. Casework is a. e. to work independently of the executive on national security, Which organization or position examines the budgetary implications of any proposed bill that will be sent to Congress? This term originated in the years following the Civil War. Office of Congressional and Legislative Affairs Congressional Liaison Service Casework Guide "to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan" Abraham Lincoln. Samantha deposits $1,500 into the Park Street Bank. b. according to seniority d. to persuade party members to support the party's priorities. a. d. select/special Historically, incumbents in both the House and the Senate enjoy high rates of reelection. e. have members appointed by their respective state legislatures. c. Modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the Framers d. Speaker of the House, In the House of Representatives, a bill goes to the Rules Committee ________. helping individual members of their constituency, when party victory is the most important goals of members of Congress. Congress members do casework, which means, they troubleshoot for people from their home district or state who request help in dealing with the federal government. \text{Accounts Payable}&\text{}&\text{\$\hspace{11pt}6,500}\\ How does the White House staff differ from the president's Cabinet? e. jury, For a case to be heard in the Supreme Court, a minimum of how many justices must vote to hear the case? d. Standing A count of supplies on August 31 shows$900 of supplies on hand. when states are divided into legislative districts of equal population. a. to look after the "Good and the Welfare of We the People" In 1960, political scientist Angus Campbell proposed the surge-and-decline theory to explain these patterns.22 Campbell noticed that since the Civil War, with the exception of 1934, the presidents party has consistently lost seats in Congress during the midterm elections. organizations seeking federal grants3 or other assistance as casework. Indeed, the 2014 midterm election was the most nationalized election in many decades and that trend has continued since. One finding is that, counter to conventional wisdom, the vast majority of direct campaign contributions come from individual donors, not from PACs and political parties. For example, in 1986, the costs of running a successful House and Senate campaign were $849,111 and $7,243,782, respectively, in 2020 dollars. c. president of the Senate a. There are currently 435 congressional districts in the United States and thus 435 House members, and each state has a number of House districts roughly proportional to its share of the total U.S. population, with states guaranteed at least one House member. In the decades since Campbells influential theory was published, a number of studies have challenged his conclusions. a. ledgers Cabinet. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . c. committee The 117th Congress was elected in November 2020. Match the characteristic to the correct type of oversight. \text{Advertising Expense}&\underline{\text{\hspace{16pt}3,600}}&\underline{\text{\hspace{38pt}}}\\ Why did the government shut down in 2013? Which response to the poll provides the most forceful indication that voters want delegates instead of trustees or politicos? funding a transportation bill that improves highways across the country. In addition, the rules of the Senate allow individual members to slow down or stop legislation they dislike. This type of committee specifies when each bill will be debated, how long it will be debated for, and how it can be amended. c. give the Senate authority to overturn a Supreme Court decision How might a bill become law if it has been pocket vetoed? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like __________ is a good example of Congressional casework., In which event was there congressional oversight?, In the House of Representatives, who is second in authority to the Speaker of the House? Why are the factors of production important? d. women. Originally, when a states two U.S. senators were appointed by the state legislature, the Senate chambers distance from the electorate was even greater. e. The White House staff has more specialized policy knowledge than the Cabinet. e. degree formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that does, Which early president, who was initially hostile to the idea of a vigorous central government, concluded the Louisiana Purchase with France, which doubled the size of the United States and opened the continent for American settlement? They made the president directly elected by the people. In contrast, midterm elections witness the opposite effect. Which type of committee does the majority of work in Congress? A. artesian wells B. high islands C. atolls D. seamounts. $1.6 million d. to serve as president of the Senate, What is substantive representation? and more. Journalize the entry by Senger Company to record the issuance of the credit memo. Anyone can draft a bill, but only a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate can formally submit a bill for consideration. Caseworker. e. property disputes, Courts provide a statement of the legal reasoning behind their decisions in written __________. a. amendments In the House, the percentage of incumbents winning reelection has hovered between 85 and 100 percent for the last half century. b. give the Senate authority to overturn a presidential veto without House ratification The S&P 500 futures contract has a multiplier of$250. d. Senate Banking Committee, Over the past three decades, the distance between the political parties in Congress has been growing steadily. Introduction to American Politics Chapter 13, Introduction to American Politics Chapter 14, PS 101- Chapter 12, The Presidency- INQUIZITI, Science ~ Cells and Organelles Study Guide, chapter 6 gaining an understanding of the cli. d. immediately after an election, Whose job is it to convey the party's position to rank-and-file congresspersons, keep vote counts, pressure waverers, and report the views and complaints of the House to the party leadership? Members of Congress are generally __________ than the general population. . when members of Congress secure national resources for their local district, when members of Congress exemplify the values Americans associate with public life and government without being controversial, loyalty to a party that shapes how members see the world, define problems, and determine appropriate solutions. a. a. arbitration Burris paid Senger for the merchandise on May 2. c. They included separation of powers in the Constitution. Directlabor:Directmaterial:$211,900for13,000hours$170,100for210,000kilograms. d. representing constituents by mirroring, b. representing the interests of groups of which they themselves are not members, The __________ is the only House official mandated by the the term casework refers to assistance provided by members of congress to constituents who need help while filing a grievance with the federal government or a federal agency. Per the Supreme Court decision in U.S. a. briefs d. Executive Office of the President, What is the role of the National Security Council? Which of the following could be considered an example of casework? Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? When will it end? a. acts independently, trusting his or her own judgment of how to best serve the public interest b. six b. follows a strict interpretation of the Constitution d. Dred Scott v. Sandford d. senatorial courtesy Declare war. b. In approximately what year were House of Representatives Republicans rated the most conservative? All evidence suggests the incumbent advantage, especially in the primary system, is alive and well. e. six, A writ of __________ is a request submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court to review a lower court decision. | Direct labor efficiency variance | 550 Unfavorable | | Rate per labor hour | $\$6$ | b. president Individuals may contribute up to $2900 per candidate per election. The committee gathers information through hearings. Which type of committee is composed of members from both houses of Congress? b. constitutional One challenge to congressional casework is the widely held public perception that Members of Congress can initiate a broad array of actions resulting in a speedy, favorable outcome. d. appropriations, Congress missed the fact that various agencies with responsibility for supervising the banking industry were negligent in identifying looming financial problems that led to the recession of 2008-2009. Both chambers in Congress are responsible for all of the following EXCEPT _____. Republicans meet to select leaders and determine objectives. This book uses the e. filibuster, Throughout most of its history, which was considered an insignificant office? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". c. according to age c. 30; 9 c. judicial review A House member must be a U.S. citizen of at least seven years standing and at least twenty-five years old. a. professionalized power of the purse f(-2); f(-2.01) Then, between the late nineteenth century and the start of World War I, Congress pushed through a flurry of reforms intended to bring order to the world of campaign finance. But the Court found that this type of restriction violated the organizations First Amendment right to free speech. c. George Washington But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. constituency. a. | Overhead volume variance |60 Favorable | What type of congressional committees are usually temporary committees created to conduct special studies or investigations? By the end of this section, you will be able to: The House and Senate operate very differently, partly because their members differ in the length of their terms, as well as in their age and other characteristics. c. Incumbents have no advantage in reelection. b. b. executive privilege Which of the following describes the seniority system? b. majority whip What is the special committee created to reconcile differences in bills passed by the House and Senate called? - Two members of Congress support each other's legislation. a. Advertising or showing the film during this time window was prohibited by the McCain-Feingold Act. What are three major responsibilities of members of Congress? Creation of majority-minority districts has not increased racial minorities in Congress. d. Speaker The historical difficulty of unseating an incumbent in the House or Senate is often referred to as the incumbent advantage or the incumbency effect. If he believes there is a 50%50 \%50% probability of a good market, what should he do? Why might incumbents want to deemphasize their policy positions during a reelection campaign? a. attorney general c. The President's role increased, so the role of government could decrease. For nearly the first hundred years of the republic, there were no federal campaign finance laws. The Constitutional Convention decided on what form of legislature? b. majority leader Lawmaking The primary function of Congress is to pass rules that all Americans must obey, a function called lawmaking. In the 2011-2012 election cycle, how much money did the average winning House candidate spend? Both the House and Senate authored their own versions of the legislation. b. the president Often, they will publicize their casework on their websites or, in some cases, create television advertisements that boast of their helpfulness. The House of Representatives goes through _____ to determine the number of seats a state gets, and _____ determines district boundaries of equal population within states. when more power is given to committee chairs than the Speaker of the House. c. Senate Chair e. Party polarization has increased as bipartisanship has decreased. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies.
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